Impact of Temperature on Li-ion Batteries & Practical Guidelines

For lithium battery factories and end-users, understanding thermal effects is critical. As leading lithium battery suppliers, we provide science-backed solutions for lithium iron phosphate battery (LiFePO4) and NMC systems.

1.Low Temperatures (<0°C / 32°F)
Risks for lithium ion batteries:
Charging: Lithium plating → Dendrites → Short circuit
Discharging: Electrolyte viscosity ↑ → Capacity ↓ (e.g., -20°C = 40% capacity loss in lithium iron phosphate battery)
Permanent Damage: Cell swelling, IR increase 300-600%
Solutions from lithium battery suppliers:
Charging: Never charge below 0°C! Preheat to 5-10°C.
Discharging: Limit rate ≤0.2C.
Storage: Maintain 15-25°C with 30-50% SOC.

2.High Temperatures (>45°C / 113°F)
Risks for lithium ion batteries
SEI Layer Breakdown: Accelerated electrolyte decomposition.
Capacity Fade: 60°C storage = 20-30% annual loss (critical for lithium battery factory QC)
Thermal Runaway: Risk ↑ exponentially above 60°C.
Solutions:
Charging: Reduce voltage (≤3.8V/cell) and current (≤0.5C).
Discharging: Suspend operation if cell temp >55°C.
Storage: Avoid sunlight; use active cooling.

​​Scenario           Temp Range       Best Practices
Charging          10°C-45°C          CC-CV protocol; stop at 3.65V
Discharging      -20°C-60°C         ≤1C continuous current (>45°C)
Storage            15°C-25°C          40-60% SOC; quarterly voltage checks

Problem: 68% capacity fade in 18 months (55°C avg).
Fix by lithium battery factory engineers:
1.Installed liquid cooling (ΔT≤5°C)
2.Reduced charge voltage: 3.65V → 3.55V
3.Added sunshades + ventilation
Result: >85% capacity retention after 3 years

Temp    Cycle Life (80% DoD)      Max Charge Rate
-20°C     300 cycles                           0.05C
25°C      2,000+ cycles                     1C
60°C      <500 cycles                         0.3C

1.BMS Settings (From lithium battery suppliers):
Low-temp cutoff: 0°C (charge), -20°C (discharge)
High-temp alarm: >50°C → Sleep mode
2.Cell Selection:
Lithium iron phosphate battery for high-temp stability
Wide-temp cells (e.g., EVE -40°C to 80°C)
3.Thermal Management:
Forced air (cost-effective) / Liquid cooling (high-power)
Avoid confined-space stacking

Pro Tip: Lithium battery factories recommend monthly IR thermometer checks. >5°C hotspot differences indicate imbalance!
Data: NASA Battery Aging Study, UL 1973, IEC 62133
Need solutions? → Top lithium battery suppliers:
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